Sap Abap

1. Environment Detection

Ask before writing any code:

□ ABAP release? (7.02 ECC / 7.40 / 7.50 / 7.57 S/4HANA 2023)
□ Clean Core required? (on-premise CBO allowed vs BTP side-by-side only?)
□ Package / naming convention? (Z* / Y* prefix, package structure)
□ Transport landscape? (DEV → QAS → PRD, how many systems?)
□ S/4HANA deployment? (on-premise / RISE / Cloud PE — affects what's allowed)

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2. Enhancement Framework — Decision Table

| Scenario | Recommended Approach | Notes | |----------|---------------------|-------| | Classic user exit exists | SMOD / CMOD | ECC only — avoid in new S/4HANA dev | | BAdI definition exists | New BAdI (SE19 / GET BADI) | All releases — preferred approach | | No exit/BAdI, on-premise | Enhancement Spot (SE18/SE19) | CBO allowed on-premise | | S/4HANA Clean Core / Cloud PE | BTP side-by-side extension (RAP + Events) | No on-stack modifications |

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3. Code Patterns with Full Examples

New BAdI (All Releases — Preferred)

" Step 1: Find BAdI via SE19 or BADI Explorer (SPRO)
" Step 2: Create enhancement implementation
" Step 3: Implement interface method

DATA lo_badi TYPE REF TO badi_name.
GET BADI lo_badi.
CALL BADI lo_badi->method_name
  EXPORTING iv_input  = lv_value
  IMPORTING ev_output = lv_result.

ALV — OO Approach (Recommended Over REUSEALVGRID_DISPLAY)

DATA: lo_alv    TYPE REF TO cl_salv_table,
      lt_result TYPE TABLE OF your_structure.

" ... populate lt_result ...

TRY.
    cl_salv_table=>factory(
      IMPORTING r_salv_table = lo_alv
      CHANGING  t_table      = lt_result ).

    " Optional: configure columns
    lo_alv->get_columns( )->set_optimize( abap_true ).

    " Optional: add sort
    DATA(lo_sorts) = lo_alv->get_sorts( ).
    lo_sorts->add_sort( columnname = 'FIELD1' ).

    lo_alv->display( ).
  CATCH cx_salv_msg INTO DATA(lx_err).
    MESSAGE lx_err->get_text( ) TYPE 'E'.
ENDTRY.

BAPI with Complete Error Handling

DATA lt_return TYPE TABLE OF bapiret2.

CALL FUNCTION 'BAPI_NAME'
  EXPORTING
    iv_param1 = lv_value1
    iv_param2 = lv_value2
  IMPORTING
    ev_result = lv_result
  TABLES
    return    = lt_return.

" ALWAYS check return table — never assume success
IF line_exists( lt_return[ type = 'E' ] )
OR line_exists( lt_return[ type = 'A' ] ).
  " Error — do NOT commit; handle or raise
  LOOP AT lt_return INTO DATA(ls_err) WHERE type CA 'EA'.
    MESSAGE ls_err-message TYPE 'E'.
  ENDLOOP.
ELSE.
  " Success — commit
  CALL FUNCTION 'BAPI_TRANSACTION_COMMIT'
    EXPORTING wait = abap_true.
ENDIF.

CDS View (S/4HANA)

@AbapCatalog.viewEnhancementCategory: [#NONE]
@AccessControl.authorizationCheck: #CHECK
@EndUserText.label: 'My Entity Description'
@Metadata.ignorePropagatedAnnotations: true

define view entity ZI_MyEntityName
  as select from table_name as t
  association [0..1] to other_table as _Assoc
    on $projection.KeyField = _Assoc.KeyField
{
  key t.key_field       as KeyField,
      t.comp_code       as CompanyCode,
      t.amount          as Amount,
      t.currency        as Currency,
      _Assoc            -- expose association
}

RAP Behavior Definition (S/4HANA)

managed implementation in class zbp_my_entity unique;
strict ( 2 );

define behavior for ZI_MyEntity alias MyEntity
  persistent table zmy_table
  lock master
  authorization master ( instance )
  etag master LastChangedAt
{
  create;
  update;
  delete;

  field ( readonly )  UUID, CreatedAt, CreatedBy, LastChangedAt, LastChangedBy;
  field ( mandatory ) CompanyCode, DocumentType;

  action post result [1] $self;

  mapping for zmy_table corresponding
  {
    UUID          = entity_uuid;
    CompanyCode   = bukrs;
    DocumentType  = blart;
    CreatedAt     = created_at;
    LastChangedAt = last_changed_at;
  }
}

ABAP Unit Test (Mandatory for Clean Core)

CLASS ltc_my_class DEFINITION FOR TESTING
  DURATION SHORT
  RISK LEVEL HARMLESS.

  PRIVATE SECTION.
    DATA mo_cut TYPE REF TO zcl_my_class.  " Class Under Test
    METHODS:
      setup,
      test_calculate_positive FOR TESTING,
      test_calculate_zero FOR TESTING.
ENDCLASS.

CLASS ltc_my_class IMPLEMENTATION.
  METHOD setup.
    mo_cut = NEW zcl_my_class( ).
  ENDMETHOD.

  METHOD test_calculate_positive.
    DATA(lv_result) = mo_cut->calculate( iv_base = 100
                                         iv_rate = '0.1' ).
    cl_abap_unit_assert=>assert_equals(
      exp = '10.00'
      act = lv_result
      msg = 'Positive calculation failed' ).
  ENDMETHOD.

  METHOD test_calculate_zero.
    DATA(lv_result) = mo_cut->calculate( iv_base = 0
                                         iv_rate = '0.1' ).
    cl_abap_unit_assert=>assert_equals(
      exp = '0.00'
      act = lv_result
      msg = 'Zero base should return zero' ).
  ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.

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4. Performance Troubleshooting

Short Dump Types (ST22)

| Dump Type | Root Cause | Fix | |-----------|-----------|-----| | TIMELIMITEXCEEDED | Infinite loop / unoptimized mass processing | Add CHECK sy-tabix MOD 100 = 0. in loop; optimize SQL | | MEMORYNOMOREPAGING | SELECT * on large table / massive internal table | Select specific fields; use PACKAGE SIZE for batch processing | | RAISEEXCEPTION unhandled | TRY-CATCH missing | Wrap in TRY-CATCH block for specific exception class | | COMPUTEINTZERODIVIDE | Division by zero in calculation | Add zero-check before division | | OBJECTSOBJREFNOT_ASSIGNED | Object reference is initial (null pointer) | Add IS BOUND check before method call |

SQL Performance (SE30 / SAT Runtime Analysis)

Bad patterns:

" Full table scan — NEVER do this
SELECT * FROM mara INTO TABLE @DATA(lt_mara).

" SELECT inside loop — N+1 query problem
LOOP AT lt_orders INTO DATA(ls_order).
  SELECT SINGLE * FROM mara INTO @DATA(ls_mat)
    WHERE matnr = @ls_order-matnr.   " Called N times!
ENDLOOP.

Good patterns:

" Targeted fields + WHERE clause
SELECT matnr, maktx, mtart, meins
  FROM mara
  INTO TABLE @DATA(lt_mara)
  WHERE mtart = 'FERT'
    AND mstae = ' '.

" FOR ALL ENTRIES — single query for all orders
SELECT matnr, maktx
  FROM mara
  INTO TABLE @DATA(lt_mara)
  FOR ALL ENTRIES IN @lt_orders
  WHERE matnr = @lt_orders-matnr.

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5. S/4HANA Deprecated Objects → Replacements

| Deprecated | Use Instead | Notes | |-----------|-------------|-------| | SELECT from BSEG | I_JournalEntryItem (CDS) | ACDOCA is source in S/4HANA | | SELECT from BSID/BSAD | I_CustomerLineItem (CDS) | | | SELECT from BSIK/BSAK | I_SupplierLineItem (CDS) | | | SELECT from MKPF/MSEG | I_MaterialDocumentItem (CDS) | MATDOC is source | | SELECT * from MARA without WHERE | Targeted CDS view with filter | Performance + compatibility | | CALL TRANSACTION | BAPI / RAP action / function module | Compatibility issue | | Logical DB PNPCE | Direct SELECT + AUTHORITY-CHECK | Deprecated in S/4HANA | | Old BAdI (CL_EXITHANDLER) | New BAdI (GET BADI) | Supported but old style | | COMMUNICATION statements | RFC / web service | Obsolete | | Non-Unicode string ops | String templates \|...\| | Unicode mandatory |

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6. Universal Code Review Checklist

Performance:
□ No SELECT * — only specific fields needed
□ All DB reads have WHERE clause on primary/indexed fields
□ No SELECT inside LOOP — use FOR ALL ENTRIES or JOIN
□ PACKAGE SIZE used for mass data reads

Error Handling:
□ All BAPI calls check RETURN table for E/A type messages
□ All method calls on object references: IS BOUND check
□ TRY-CATCH blocks for risky operations (file I/O, conversions)
□ No COMMIT WORK inside loops

Security:
□ AUTHORITY-CHECK implemented for sensitive data access
□ No hardcoded passwords, API keys, or credentials
□ Input validation before database writes

Clean Core / S/4HANA Compatibility:
□ No direct SELECT on deprecated tables (BSEG, MKPF/MSEG)
□ No CALL TRANSACTION in background-capable programs
□ No modifications to SAP standard objects (use enhancements)

Technical:
□ No hardcoded org values (company code, plant, G/L accounts)
□ Unicode-compatible: SE38 → Program Attributes → Unicode checked
□ Program type correct (Type 1 for reports, M for module pool)
□ Transport request assigned and documented

Quality:
□ ABAP Unit test class included
□ ATC (ABAP Test Cockpit) check clean — no Priority 1 or 2 findings
□ Code formatted with Pretty Printer (Shift+F1)
□ Comments in English for shared / international teams

Full checklist: references/code-review-checklist.md

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7. References

• references/clean-core-patterns.md — extensibility tier guide, RAP vs CBO decision, key CDS annotations
• references/code-review-checklist.md — full ABAP code review checklist with explanations

Source & license

This open-source skill is cataloged on AgentStack and links to its original source — we do not rehost the code.

• Author: BoxLogoDev
• Source: BoxLogoDev/sapstack
• License: MIT

Install and usage instructions live in the source repository linked above.