Locomotive Scroll

Locomotive Scroll

Comprehensive guide for implementing smooth scrolling, parallax effects, and scroll-driven animations using Locomotive Scroll.

Overview

Locomotive Scroll is a JavaScript library that provides:

• Smooth scrolling: Hardware-accelerated smooth scroll with customizable easing
• Parallax effects: Element-level speed control for depth
• Viewport detection: Track when elements enter/exit viewport
• Scroll events: Monitor scroll progress for animation synchronization
• Sticky elements: Pin elements within defined boundaries
• Horizontal scrolling: Support for horizontal scroll layouts

When to use Locomotive Scroll:

• Building immersive landing pages with parallax
• Creating smooth, Apple-style scroll experiences
• Implementing scroll-triggered animations
• Developing narrative/storytelling websites
• Adding depth and motion to long-form content

Trade-offs:

• Scroll-hijacking can impact accessibility (provide disable option)
• Performance overhead on low-end devices (detect and disable)
• Mobile touch scrolling feels different (test extensively)
• Fixed positioning requires workarounds

Installation

npm install locomotive-scroll

// ES6
import LocomotiveScroll from 'locomotive-scroll';
import 'locomotive-scroll/dist/locomotive-scroll.css';

// Or via CDN

Core Concepts

1. HTML Structure

Every Locomotive Scroll implementation requires specific data attributes:

  
  

    
    Basic detection

    
    
      Moves faster than scroll
    

    
    
      Sticks within section
    

    
    
      Accessible via JavaScript
    

    
    
      Triggers custom event
    

  

2. Initialization

const scroll = new LocomotiveScroll({
  el: document.querySelector('[data-scroll-container]'),
  smooth: true,
  lerp: 0.1,        // Smoothness (0-1, lower = smoother)
  multiplier: 1,    // Speed multiplier
  class: 'is-inview', // Class added to visible elements
  repeat: false,    // Repeat in-view detection
  offset: [0, 0]    // Global trigger offset [bottom, top]
});

3. Data Attributes

| Attribute | Purpose | Example | |-----------|---------|---------| | data-scroll | Enable detection | data-scroll | | data-scroll-speed | Parallax speed | data-scroll-speed="2" | | data-scroll-direction | Parallax axis | data-scroll-direction="horizontal" | | data-scroll-sticky | Sticky positioning | data-scroll-sticky | | data-scroll-target | Sticky boundary | data-scroll-target="#section" | | data-scroll-offset | Trigger offset | data-scroll-offset="20%" | | data-scroll-repeat | Repeat detection | data-scroll-repeat | | data-scroll-call | Event trigger | data-scroll-call="myFunction" | | data-scroll-id | Unique identifier | data-scroll-id="hero" | | data-scroll-class | Custom class | data-scroll-class="is-visible" |

Common Patterns

1. Basic Smooth Scrolling

import LocomotiveScroll from 'locomotive-scroll';

const scroll = new LocomotiveScroll({
  el: document.querySelector('[data-scroll-container]'),
  smooth: true
});

  
    Smooth scrolling enabled
  

2. Parallax Effects

  Moves slower than scroll (background effect)

  Moves faster than scroll (foreground effect)

  Moves in opposite direction

  Moves horizontally

3. Viewport Detection and Callbacks

// Track scroll progress
scroll.on('scroll', (args) => {
  console.log(args.scroll.y); // Current scroll position
  console.log(args.speed);    // Scroll speed
  console.log(args.direction); // Scroll direction

  // Access specific element progress
  if (args.currentElements['hero']) {
    const progress = args.currentElements['hero'].progress;
    console.log(`Hero progress: ${progress}`); // 0 to 1
  }
});

// Call events
scroll.on('call', (value, way, obj) => {
  console.log(`Event triggered: ${value}`);
  // value = data-scroll-call attribute value
  // way = 'enter' or 'exit'
  // obj = {id, el}
});

Hero section
Video section

4. Sticky Elements

  
    I stick while section is in view
  

  
    I stick within #sticky-container
  

5. Programmatic Scrolling

// Scroll to element
scroll.scrollTo('#target-section');

// Scroll to top
scroll.scrollTo('top');

// Scroll to bottom
scroll.scrollTo('bottom');

// Scroll with options
scroll.scrollTo('#target', {
  offset: -100,      // Offset in pixels
  duration: 1000,    // Duration in ms
  easing: [0.25, 0.0, 0.35, 1.0], // Cubic bezier
  disableLerp: true, // Disable smooth lerp
  callback: () => console.log('Scrolled!')
});

// Scroll to pixel value
scroll.scrollTo(500);

6. Horizontal Scrolling

const scroll = new LocomotiveScroll({
  el: document.querySelector('[data-scroll-container]'),
  smooth: true,
  direction: 'horizontal'
});

  
    Section 1
    Section 2
    Section 3
  

7. Mobile Responsiveness

const scroll = new LocomotiveScroll({
  el: document.querySelector('[data-scroll-container]'),
  smooth: true,

  // Tablet settings
  tablet: {
    smooth: true,
    breakpoint: 1024
  },

  // Smartphone settings
  smartphone: {
    smooth: false, // Disable on mobile for performance
    breakpoint: 768
  }
});

Integration with GSAP ScrollTrigger

Locomotive Scroll and GSAP ScrollTrigger work together for advanced animations:

import LocomotiveScroll from 'locomotive-scroll';
import { gsap } from 'gsap';
import { ScrollTrigger } from 'gsap/ScrollTrigger';

gsap.registerPlugin(ScrollTrigger);

const locoScroll = new LocomotiveScroll({
  el: document.querySelector('[data-scroll-container]'),
  smooth: true
});

// Sync Locomotive Scroll with ScrollTrigger
locoScroll.on('scroll', ScrollTrigger.update);

ScrollTrigger.scrollerProxy('[data-scroll-container]', {
  scrollTop(value) {
    return arguments.length
      ? locoScroll.scrollTo(value, 0, 0)
      : locoScroll.scroll.instance.scroll.y;
  },
  getBoundingClientRect() {
    return {
      top: 0,
      left: 0,
      width: window.innerWidth,
      height: window.innerHeight
    };
  },
  pinType: document.querySelector('[data-scroll-container]').style.transform
    ? 'transform'
    : 'fixed'
});

// GSAP animation with ScrollTrigger
gsap.to('.fade-in', {
  scrollTrigger: {
    trigger: '.fade-in',
    scroller: '[data-scroll-container]',
    start: 'top bottom',
    end: 'top center',
    scrub: true
  },
  opacity: 1,
  y: 0
});

// Update ScrollTrigger when Locomotive updates
ScrollTrigger.addEventListener('refresh', () => locoScroll.update());
ScrollTrigger.refresh();

Instance Methods

const scroll = new LocomotiveScroll();

// Lifecycle
scroll.init();     // Reinitialize
scroll.update();   // Refresh element positions
scroll.destroy();  // Clean up
scroll.start();    // Resume scrolling
scroll.stop();     // Pause scrolling

// Navigation
scroll.scrollTo(target, options);
scroll.setScroll(x, y);

// Events
scroll.on('scroll', callback);
scroll.on('call', callback);
scroll.off('scroll', callback);

Performance Optimization

1. Use data-scroll-section to segment long pages:

  Section 1
  Section 2
  Section 3

1. Limit parallax elements - Too many can impact performance

1. Disable on mobile if performance is poor:

smartphone: { smooth: false }

1. Update on resize:

window.addEventListener('resize', () => {
  scroll.update();
});

1. Destroy when not needed:

scroll.destroy();

Common Pitfalls

1. Fixed Positioning Issues

Problem: position: fixed elements break with smooth scroll

Solution: Use data-scroll-sticky instead or add fixed elements outside container:

Navigation

  

2. Images Not Lazy Loading

Problem: All images load at once

Solution: Integrate with lazy loading:

scroll.on('call', (func) => {
  if (func === 'lazyLoad') {
    // Trigger lazy load
  }
});

3. Scroll Position Not Updating

Problem: Dynamic content doesn't update scroll positions

Solution: Call update() after DOM changes:

// After adding content
addDynamicContent();
scroll.update();

4. Accessibility Concerns

Problem: Screen readers and keyboard navigation broken

Solution: Provide disable option:

const prefersReducedMotion = window.matchMedia('(prefers-reduced-motion: reduce)').matches;

const scroll = new LocomotiveScroll({
  smooth: !prefersReducedMotion
});

5. Memory Leaks

Problem: Scroll instance not cleaned up on route changes (SPAs)

Solution: Always destroy on unmount:

// React example
useEffect(() => {
  const scroll = new LocomotiveScroll();

  return () => scroll.destroy();
}, []);

6. Z-Index Fighting

Problem: Parallax elements overlap incorrectly

Solution: Set explicit z-index on parallax layers:

[data-scroll-speed] {
  position: relative;
  z-index: var(--layer-depth);
}

Related Skills

• gsap-scrolltrigger: Advanced scroll-driven animations (use together)
• barba-js: Page transitions with Locomotive Scroll integration
• scroll-reveal-libraries: Simpler alternative for basic fade-in effects
• react-three-fiber: Scroll-driven 3D scenes (sync with Locomotive events)
• motion-framer: Alternative scroll animations in React

Resources

• Scripts: generate_config.py - Configuration generator, integration_helper.py - GSAP integration code
• References: api_reference.md - Complete API, gsap_integration.md - GSAP ScrollTrigger patterns
• Assets: starter_locomotive/ - Complete starter template with examples

Source & license

This open-source skill is cataloged on AgentStack and links to its original source — we do not rehost the code.

• Author: freshtechbro
• Source: freshtechbro/claudedesignskills
• License: MIT

Install and usage instructions live in the source repository linked above.