M Code Refactor

mcoderefactor

Change structure without breaking behavior — in slices small enough to review in one diff.

Two axes decide how you work:

• Behavior mode
• preserve (default) — externally visible behavior must not change. For legacy modernization and risk reduction.
• may-change — an architecture or behavior change is the explicit goal. Enter this mode only when the user asks for it.
• Change strategy
• report-only — assessment + migration plan, no edits. Default when the user asks for a review or plan.
• patch-small — one safe improvement with checks. Default when the user asks to refactor/fix.
• patch-slice — one vertical slice (extract → seam → adapter → wiring) with tests.

Never fold a feature change into a refactor unless asked, and never do a big-bang rewrite unless the user accepts that risk. A rewrite hides the behavior drift that small slices would surface.

Contract

Use $ARGUMENTS as the target module / path / feature and the goal. If the user named a behavior change, switch to may-change; otherwise stay in preserve.

Do not apply Clean Architecture, DDD, repositories, services, or interfaces mechanically. Each abstraction has to earn its place (see step 7) — unjustified ceremony makes code harder to change, which is the opposite of the point.

The detailed reference catalogs for steps 4–7 and the stop conditions live in templates/playbook.md — read it once before you start a real refactor (skip for a pure throwaway question). The output skeleton lives in templates/report_format.md.

Workflow

1. Establish a baseline

Before editing, pin down what "still works" means. For a large or unfamiliar area, delegate the wide scan to the m_code-context-scout agent so file dumps stay out of the main context; keep only its map. Capture the language/tooling, the existing check commands, the governing docs, and the target's public surface (full checklist in templates/playbook.md). Run the existing checks when safe via m_code-test-runner; record pass/fail/skipped. A failing baseline is not your failure; hiding it is.

2. Define the behavior contract

List the externally visible behavior that must hold — strict in preserve; in may-change it tells you exactly what you are intentionally changing. See the contract checklist in templates/playbook.md (APIs, request/response shapes, CLI, schema/migrations, auth, billing, error semantics, external contracts). If behavior is unclear, characterize it with tests before restructuring.

3. Build the safety net

Add tests in the order that buys the most confidence per line (characterization → regression → unit → narrow integration → minimal E2E — see templates/playbook.md). Test observable behavior, not private internals; use fakes/mocks only at external or nondeterministic boundaries (DB, network, filesystem, clock, random/ID, queues, email/payment/SMS, feature flags).

4. Map the area and name the friction

From the scout's map and your own targeted reads, identify concrete problems — evidence, not vibes. Match against the friction catalog in templates/playbook.md (business logic in handlers, core logic importing infra, hard-built deps, god modules, global state, duplicate rules, leaking infra exceptions, tests needing real externals).

5. Pick the smallest useful target shape

Only where it fits — for a small project, fewer files and clearer functions beat five new layers. Use the layer map + dependency rule in templates/playbook.md (entrypoints -> application -> domain; application -> ports; adapters -> ports; domain imports no infra) as a target, not a mandate.

6. Refactor one vertical slice

Sequence: characterize -> extract pure logic -> introduce seam/port -> add adapter -> move orchestration -> delete dead code -> validate.

Introduce the seam before moving code — a clock parameter, an injected ID generator, a small client interface, a repository port, a composition root for wiring. Use the least disruptive seam that creates a real test or dependency boundary. Keep the slice to one reviewable diff and one behavior path; the in-slice constraints (strict in preserve) are in templates/playbook.md.

7. Justify every abstraction

Recommend an abstraction only if it earns its place against the criteria in templates/playbook.md (isolates an external/nondeterministic dep, enables fast tests, enforces dependency direction, protects a public boundary, removes duplicate rules, or localizes a future change). Reject anything that only renames or adds a layer for symmetry — when in doubt, leave it concrete.

8. Verify and review

After the slice, run the relevant checks (via m_code-test-runner). For structural changes, get an independent read from the m_code-architecture-reviewer agent on dependency direction and seams before calling it done — a second pass catches boundary leaks the author stops seeing.

Stop conditions

Stop and report instead of expanding scope when a stop condition in templates/playbook.md is hit (unknown/contradictory behavior surfaced, a preserve refactor needs a behavior change, baseline failures block validation, a migration/schema change becomes necessary, auth/billing/security/data-deletion would change, or the slice has grown into a rewrite). That file also lists the changes needing explicit human review even when checks pass.

Final response format

Emit the report using the skeleton in templates/report_format.md.

Files in this skill

• SKILL.md — this file (core workflow)
• templates/playbook.md — friction catalog, target shape, abstraction tests, stop conditions (read once before a real refactor)
• templates/report_format.md — final response skeleton (read at report time)
• evals/evals.json — test cases

Source & license

This open-source skill is cataloged on AgentStack and links to its original source — we do not rehost the code.

• Author: mapuamap
• Source: mapuamap/denys-fast-mskills
• License: Apache-2.0

Install and usage instructions live in the source repository linked above.