Deferring State Reads

Deferring State Reads — Move Hot Reads from Composition to Draw

Compose runs three phases per frame — Composition → Layout → Draw. A state read at phase N invalidates phase N and every phase below it. The single biggest perf win in any animation- or scroll-driven UI is moving a state read from Composition down to Layout or Draw via a lambda-based modifier. This skill teaches Claude how to spot the wrong-phase read and migrate it.

When to use this skill

• An animation triggers full subtree recomposition on every frame (Modifier.alpha(progress.value), Modifier.offset(x.dp), Modifier.padding(state.dp) — padding has no lambda overload, so use Modifier.layout { ... } or Modifier.offset { IntOffset(...) } instead when the inset is animated).
• A scroll position is read directly in a composable body (val y = scrollState.value) and the parent recomposes on every pixel of scroll.
• The developer says "every frame", "scroll jank", "animation jank", "dropped frames", or reports the whole screen recomposing on drag.
• A @TraceRecomposition log shows the parent's recomposition counter incrementing once per animation tick.
• The developer is passing a hot value (animation progress, scroll offset, drag delta) as a Float parameter across composables.

When NOT to use this skill

• The state changes once per user interaction (button click, dialog open) — the lambda-modifier rewrite buys nothing and adds noise.
• The state read genuinely needs to drive Composition (show/hide a different composable, swap a different component tree). Lambda modifiers cannot decide which composable to emit.
• The non-skippable parent is non-skippable for a different reason (unstable parameter). Diagnose with ../../stability/diagnosing-compose-stability/SKILL.md first.
• The developer wants to filter many high-frequency inputs into one rare boolean — that is ../choosing-derivedstateof/SKILL.md.

Prerequisites

• Familiarity with the three-phase model. If unsure which phase a read happens in, read references/three-phases.md before doing the migration.
• Compose UI 1.7+ for rememberGraphicsLayer() and the modern Modifier.animateItem() shape. Lambda forms of Modifier.offset { }, Modifier.graphicsLayer { }, Modifier.drawBehind { }, and Modifier.drawWithCache { } exist on every supported Compose version.
• Ability to confirm recomposition counts in Layout Inspector or via @TraceRecomposition (see ../debugging-recompositions/SKILL.md if it exists in this repo, otherwise the skydoves compose-stability-analyzer runtime).
• A release build for any final measurement — debug builds run interpreted and lie about cost.

Workflow

• [ ] 1. Identify the state read site and the modifier consuming it. Look for state.value, by state, animatedFloat.value, scrollState.value, dragOffset.value in a composable body. Note which modifier consumes it.

• [ ] 2. Classify the modifier — value form or lambda form. Most positioning/sizing/drawing modifiers ship in two flavors:

| Value form (read in Composition) | Lambda form (read in Layout or Draw) | |---|---| | Modifier.offset(x = dp, y = dp) | Modifier.offset { IntOffset(x, y) } | | Modifier.padding(start = dp, …) | Modifier.layout { measurable, constraints -> … } (no lambda overload of padding; use a custom layout to inset with hot state) | | Modifier.size(dp) | Modifier.layout { … } (custom) | | Modifier.alpha(float) | Modifier.graphicsLayer { alpha = … } | | Modifier.rotate(float) | Modifier.graphicsLayer { rotationZ = … } | | Modifier.scale(float) | Modifier.graphicsLayer { scaleX = …; scaleY = … } | | Modifier.background(color) | Modifier.drawBehind { drawRect(color) } |

If a value form is being fed a hot state, swap to the lambda form. The lambda is invoked on every Layout (or Draw) pass without re-running Composition.

• [ ] 3. Migrate value-form modifiers to lambda form. The lambda body re-executes when the read state changes, but it does so during Layout or Draw — Composition is never invalidated.

• [ ] 4. For multiple per-frame transforms, hoist into a single Modifier.graphicsLayer { … } block. It covers translationX/translationY, scaleX/scaleY, rotationZ, alpha, cameraDistance, clip, and shape in one Draw-phase node, and is preferred over chaining alpha + offset + rotate.

• [ ] 5. Hoist hot values across composables as lambda providers. Pass () -> Float instead of Float so the receiving composable can defer the read into its own lambda modifier without invalidating its caller. This is the single most important cross-composable perf trick after lambda modifiers themselves.

• [ ] 6. Verify in Layout Inspector / @TraceRecomposition. The parent composable's recomposition count MUST stop incrementing per animation frame. If it still climbs, the wrong-phase read survived elsewhere — re-grep the file for .value and by state.

• [ ] 7. For per-frame Draw work that is more than a transform, use Modifier.drawBehind { } or Modifier.drawWithCache { }. drawBehind re-runs every Draw pass; drawWithCache caches the build step (e.g. paths, brushes) and only re-runs the onDraw block on state change.

Patterns

Pattern: Animated offset

// WRONG
val animatedX = animateFloatAsState(targetX, label = "x")
Box(Modifier.offset(x = animatedX.value.dp))
// WRONG because: reading .value in Composition phase invalidates the whole subtree on every animation frame.

// RIGHT
val animatedX = animateFloatAsState(targetX, label = "x")
Box(Modifier.offset { IntOffset(animatedX.value.toInt(), 0) })

The lambda runs in Layout, so Composition is never invalidated. The animation still drives the visual position via Layout-only invalidation.

Pattern: Animated alpha (and other transforms)

// WRONG
val animatedAlpha by animateFloatAsState(targetAlpha, label = "alpha")
Box(Modifier.alpha(animatedAlpha))
// WRONG because: Modifier.alpha(Float) reads the value in Composition; the entire Box subtree recomposes every frame.

// RIGHT
val animatedAlpha by animateFloatAsState(targetAlpha, label = "alpha")
Box(Modifier.graphicsLayer { alpha = animatedAlpha })

graphicsLayer { } reads inside the Draw phase only. For combined transforms, fold them all into the same block:

// RIGHT — one Draw-phase node, three transforms
Box(
    Modifier.graphicsLayer {
        alpha = progress
        scaleX = 1f + 0.2f * progress
        scaleY = 1f + 0.2f * progress
        translationX = progress * 32.dp.toPx()
    }
)

Pattern: Scroll-driven sticky header

// WRONG
val offset = scrollState.value
Header(Modifier.offset(y = offset.dp))
// WRONG because: scrollState.value updates every pixel of scroll, and reading it in the parent body recomposes Header (and every sibling) per scroll tick.

// RIGHT
Header(Modifier.offset { IntOffset(0, scrollState.value) })

The lambda captures scrollState (a stable holder), reads .value only when Layout runs, and isolates invalidation to the Layout phase of Header.

Pattern: Lambda providers across composables

// WRONG
@Composable
fun Parent(scrollOffset: Float) {
    Child(scrollOffset)
}

@Composable
fun Child(scrollOffset: Float) {
    Box(Modifier.offset { IntOffset(0, scrollOffset.toInt()) })
}
// WRONG because: scrollOffset is read in Parent's signature each frame; Parent and every sibling of Child recompose per frame even though only Child cares.

// RIGHT
@Composable
fun Parent(scrollOffset: () -> Float) {
    Child(scrollOffset)
}

@Composable
fun Child(scrollOffset: () -> Float) {
    Box(Modifier.offset { IntOffset(0, scrollOffset().toInt()) })
}

The lambda parameter is a stable function reference. Calling it inside Modifier.offset { } defers the read to Layout. Parent never re-reads the hot state, so Parent never recomposes.

Pattern: Per-frame Draw work — drawBehind / drawWithCache

// WRONG
val color = animatedColor.value
Box(Modifier.background(color))
// WRONG because: Modifier.background reads color in Composition; per-frame color animation invalidates the subtree.

// RIGHT — Draw phase only, no caching needed for a solid color
Box(Modifier.drawBehind { drawRect(animatedColor.value) })

// RIGHT — heavier work; cache the Path/Brush across frames
Box(
    Modifier.drawWithCache {
        val brush = Brush.linearGradient(
            colors = listOf(start, end),
            start = Offset.Zero,
            end = Offset(size.width, size.height),
        )
        onDrawBehind { drawRect(brush, alpha = animatedAlpha.value) }
    }
)

drawWithCache re-builds the cache only when the remember-keys captured by the lambda change; the onDrawBehind block re-runs on every Draw with the latest state.

Three phases reference

Compose runs every frame in this order. A read at phase N invalidates phase N and everything below it. Push reads as low as possible.

| Phase | What it does | Cost when invalidated | |---|---|---| | Composition | Run @Composable functions, build/diff the UI tree | Highest — all skippability gates re-run, child composables potentially recompose | | Layout | measure() and placeRelative() for each node | Medium — re-measure and re-place affected subtree | | Draw | Record draw commands into the canvas | Lowest — single render pass |

Modifier phase cheat sheet (most common cases)

| Modifier | Phase the state is read in | |---|---| | Modifier.offset(Dp) | Composition | | Modifier.offset { IntOffset } | Layout | | Modifier.padding(Dp) / padding(PaddingValues) | Composition (no lambda overload exists) | | Modifier.size(Dp) | Composition | | Modifier.layout { measurable, constraints -> … } | Layout (escape hatch when a hot state must drive measurement, e.g. an animated inset — padding ships no lambda form) | | Modifier.alpha(Float) | Composition | | Modifier.rotate(Float) | Composition | | Modifier.scale(Float) | Composition | | Modifier.graphicsLayer { … } | Draw | | Modifier.background(Color) | Composition | | Modifier.drawBehind { … } | Draw | | Modifier.drawWithCache { … } | Draw (cache rebuilds when its captured state changes) |

For the deeper mechanics — invalidation propagation, the backwards-write rule, and a comprehensive per-modifier breakdown — see references/three-phases.md.

Mandatory rules

• MUST prefer lambda-based modifiers for any state that changes more often than once per user interaction (animation values, scroll position, drag offsets, gesture deltas).
• MUST use Modifier.graphicsLayer { … } for animated alpha, scale, rotate, translation. Never Modifier.alpha(state.value) / Modifier.rotate(state.value) / Modifier.scale(state.value) for hot state.
• MUST NOT read frequently-changing state in a composable body when a lambda modifier could read it later. Every avoided .value read in a composable body is one fewer Composition invalidation per frame.
• MUST NOT write to a MutableState already read in the same composition pass — that is a backwards write (see references/three-phases.md); the runtime aborts the recomposition with a cost.
• PREFERRED: lambda providers (() -> T) over plain values when the value is hot and crosses composable boundaries. Pair with lambda modifiers at the receiving end.
• PREFERRED: Modifier.drawWithCache { } over Modifier.drawBehind { } when the per-frame work involves rebuildable resources (paths, brushes, gradients) that depend on size or theme.

Verification

• [ ] Layout Inspector shows the parent composable's recomposition count is 0 (or near 0) per animation frame. Only Layout/Draw counters increment.
• [ ] @TraceRecomposition(traceStates = true) (skydoves/compose-stability-analyzer) confirms in release + R8 + real device that the wrapping composable does not recompose per frame; only the sub-node attached to the lambda modifier re-runs.
• [ ] A grep over the migrated file finds no Modifier.alpha(/Modifier.rotate(/Modifier.scale(/Modifier.offset() patterns fed by hot state.
• [ ] Cross-composable hot values are passed as () -> T lambda providers, not as T values.
• [ ] The release build still renders correctly — value-form to lambda-form is a behavioral no-op only when the lambda body matches the original arithmetic (watch for dp vs px confusion: Modifier.offset { IntOffset(x, y) } takes pixels).

References

• Android Developers — Phases of Jetpack Compose: https://developer.android.com/develop/ui/compose/phases
• Android Developers — Performance: phases: https://developer.android.com/develop/ui/compose/performance/phases
• Android Developers — Graphics modifiers: https://developer.android.com/develop/ui/compose/graphics/draw/modifiers
• Android Developers — Custom modifiers (Modifier.Node): https://developer.android.com/develop/ui/compose/custom-modifiers
• Ben Trengrove — Debugging recomposition: https://medium.com/androiddevelopers/jetpack-compose-debugging-recomposition-bfcf4a6f8d37
• Why test perf in release: https://medium.com/androiddevelopers/why-should-you-always-test-compose-performance-in-release-4168dd0f2c71
• Chris Banes — Compose perf tag: https://chrisbanes.me/tags/jetpack-compose-performance/
• skydoves — 6 Jetpack Compose Guidelines: https://medium.com/proandroiddev/6-jetpack-compose-guidelines-to-optimize-your-app-performance-be18533721f9
• skydoves — Jetpack Compose Mechanism: https://speakerdeck.com/skydoves/jetpack-compose-mechanism
• references/three-phases.md — detailed walkthrough of Composition / Layout / Draw, downward invalidation, the backwards-write rule, and the comprehensive modifier-phase cheat sheet.

Source & license

This open-source skill is cataloged on AgentStack and links to its original source — we do not rehost the code.

• Author: skydoves
• Source: skydoves/compose-performance-skills
• License: Apache-2.0

Install and usage instructions live in the source repository linked above.