Aer Tables Figures

AER Tables and Figures

Overview

Reviewers in economics read tables first. A misformatted, overstuffed, or note-bloated table signals carelessness and increases desk rejection probability independently of the result quality. This skill enforces AER house style and the "one claim per exhibit" discipline.

Hard AER conventions:

• Captions go below figures, above tables.
• Tables use booktabs-style horizontal rules (no vertical rules).
• Figure notes use the tablenotes / figurenotes environment.
• No color-only encoding — figures must remain legible in grayscale and to color-blind readers.

When to Use

• Drafting the main results table
• Auditing tables before submission
• An R&R demands consolidation or restructuring of tables
• Figures look noisy, dense, or "Excel-default"

The Five Canonical Tables

Every empirical AER paper has approximately:

1. Summary statistics — N, mean, SD, min, max for the analysis sample. One table; ≤ 15 rows. Group by treatment/control if relevant.
2. Variable definitions — source, construction, units. Push to appendix if main paper is tight on space.
3. Balance / first stage — covariate balance (RCT, RD, matched DiD) or first-stage coefficients (IV).
4. Main result — 3-7 columns, each a progressively richer specification. The column the referee will quote is column (4) or (5).
5. Robustness / heterogeneity — one table consolidating the most important checks.

If your paper needs more than ~7 main-text tables, the contribution is unfocused. Move secondary tables to the appendix.

Main Results Table Layout

Standard AER regression table:

                         (1)         (2)         (3)         (4)         (5)
                         OLS         OLS         OLS         IV          IV

Treatment              0.123***    0.118***    0.115***    0.142***    0.138***
                      (0.041)     (0.040)     (0.039)     (0.052)     (0.051)

Controls              No          Yes         Yes         Yes         Yes
Unit FE               No          No          Yes         Yes         Yes
Year FE               No          No          Yes         Yes         Yes
Sample                Full        Full        Full        Full        Balanced

Observations          12,453      12,453      12,453      12,453      11,892
R-squared             0.024       0.118       0.341       0.310       0.317
First-stage F                                              42.3        41.1

Notes: Standard errors in parentheses, clustered at the [unit] level. *** p regression tables when the audience needs to compare 8+ specifications visually. Use `coefplot` (Stata) or `ggplot2 + geom_pointrange` (R).
2. **Event-study plots** for any DiD with multiple periods. Always show pre-period.
3. **Binned scatter / RD plots** for RDD designs. Use `rdplot` (Stata/R).
4. **Maps** for spatially heterogeneous treatments.

### Format Rules

- **Vector format** (PDF, EPS) for production. AER does not accept raster figures for final submission.
- **Sans-serif fonts** (Helvetica, Arial) at minimum 9 pt for axis labels.
- **No 3D plots.** No pie charts.
- **Color sparingly** and accessibly — viridis / cividis palettes; avoid red-green.
- **One main claim per figure.** Split panels rather than overlay six lines.

### Figure Notes

```latex
\begin{figure}[t]
  \centering
  \includegraphics[width=0.8\textwidth]{fig_event_study.pdf}
  \caption{Event-Study Estimates of the Effect of Policy on Outcome}
  \label{fig:event}
  \begin{figurenotes}
    Notes: This figure plots Callaway-Sant'Anna ATT(g,t) estimates aggregated by event time.
    The omitted period is $t = -1$. Bars show 95\% confidence intervals based on the
    multiplier bootstrap. Sample restricted to [...]. N = [...].
  \end{figurenotes}
\end{figure}

What Notes Must Include

1. What estimator / method produced the figure
2. The omitted/reference category
3. Confidence interval type and coverage
4. Sample restrictions
5. N (observations or clusters)

Anti-Patterns

• 14-column main results table — readers cannot scan
• Standard errors in brackets and parentheses in the same paper
• Coefficient magnitudes hidden behind significance stars; magnitudes are what referees want
• "Notes: See text." in the figure caption — useless to a reader skimming
• Figures rendered in PowerPoint Auto-format colors
• Inconsistent decimal precision across rows
• Variable names from the dataset showing in the table ("hhinc2017" instead of "Household Income, 2017 USD")

Pre-Submission Checklist

• [ ] All tables use booktabs rules; no vertical bars
• [ ] All captions positioned correctly (above for tables, below for figures)
• [ ] Significance star convention consistent across all tables
• [ ] Every table note states the SE structure, sample, and N
• [ ] Every figure has a notes block specifying method, CI, sample, N
• [ ] Figures are vector format and legible in grayscale
• [ ] No table exceeds page width or wraps awkwardly
• [ ] Coefficient row order is consistent across tables

Repository Resources

When working from the AER-skills repository or plugin bundle, load only the relevant table/figure scaffold:

• Stata: templates/stata/06_tables.do
• R: templates/r/06_tables.R
• Python: templates/python/tables.py

Handoff

MAIN TABLES: 
APPENDIX TABLES: 
FIGURES: 
STYLE COMPLIANT: 
NEXT SKILL: 

Source & license

This open-source skill is cataloged on AgentStack and links to its original source — we do not rehost the code.

• Author: brycewang-stanford
• Source: brycewang-stanford/AER-Skills
• License: MIT

Install and usage instructions live in the source repository linked above.