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SKILL verified MIT Self-run

Java Coding Standards

skill-xu-xiang-everything-claude-code-zh-java-coding-standards · by xu-xiang

适用于 Spring Boot 服务的 Java 编码规范:命名、不可变性、Optional 使用、流(Stream)、异常、泛型及项目布局。

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Install

$ agentstack add skill-xu-xiang-everything-claude-code-zh-java-coding-standards

✓ scanned · ✓ verified, works with Claude Code, Cursor, and more.

Security review

✓ Passed

No issues found. Passed automated security review. · v0.1.0 How review works →

  • Prompt-injection patterns
  • Secret / credential exfiltration
  • Dangerous shell & filesystem operations
  • Untrusted network calls
  • Known-malicious package signatures

What it can access

  • Network access No
  • Filesystem access No
  • Shell / process execution No
  • Environment & secrets No
  • Dynamic code execution No

From automated source analysis of v0.1.0. “Used” means the capability is present in the source — more access means more to trust, not that it’s unsafe.

View the full security report →

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Reliability & compatibility

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Declared compatibility

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Compatibility is declared by the source manifest. End-to-end runtime verification is coming, see below.

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About

Java 编码规范

适用于 Spring Boot 服务中易读且可维护的 Java (17+) 代码标准。

核心原则

  • 清晰度优先于巧妙性
  • 默认不可变;最小化共享的可变状态
  • 抛出有意义的异常以实现早期失败(Fail fast)
  • 一致的命名与包结构

命名

// ✅ 类/记录(Record): PascalCase
public class MarketService {}
public record Money(BigDecimal amount, Currency currency) {}

// ✅ 方法/字段: camelCase
private final MarketRepository marketRepository;
public Market findBySlug(String slug) {}

// ✅ 常量: UPPER_SNAKE_CASE
private static final int MAX_PAGE_SIZE = 100;

不可变性

// ✅ 优先使用 record 和 final 字段
public record MarketDto(Long id, String name, MarketStatus status) {}

public class Market {
  private final Long id;
  private final String name;
  // 仅有 getter,没有 setter
}

Optional 的使用

// ✅ find* 方法返回 Optional
Optional market = marketRepository.findBySlug(slug);

// ✅ 使用 map/flatMap 代替 get()
return market
    .map(MarketResponse::from)
    .orElseThrow(() -> new EntityNotFoundException("Market not found"));

流(Stream)最佳实践

// ✅ 使用流进行转换,保持流水线(Pipeline)简洁
List names = markets.stream()
    .map(Market::name)
    .filter(Objects::nonNull)
    .toList();

// ❌ 避免复杂的嵌套流;为了清晰起见,优先使用循环

异常

  • 对于领域错误(Domain errors)使用非检查异常(Unchecked Exceptions);使用上下文包装技术异常
  • 创建领域特定的异常(例如:MarketNotFoundException
  • 避免捕获过于宽泛的 catch (Exception ex)(除非在中心位置重新抛出或记录日志)
throw new MarketNotFoundException(slug);

泛型与类型安全

  • 避免使用原始类型(Raw types);声明泛型参数
  • 优先在可重用的工具类中使用受限泛型(Bounded Generics)
public  Map indexById(Collection items) { ... }

项目结构 (Maven/Gradle)

src/main/java/com/example/app/
  config/
  controller/
  service/
  repository/
  domain/
  dto/
  util/
src/main/resources/
  application.yml
src/test/java/... (镜像 main 目录)

格式与样式

  • 始终一致地使用 2 或 4 个空格(遵循项目标准)
  • 每个文件仅包含一个 public 顶级类型
  • 保持方法短小且专注;提取助手方法(Helper methods)
  • 成员顺序:常量、字段、构造函数、public 方法、protected、private

应避免的代码异味 (Code Smells)

  • 过长的参数列表 -> 使用 DTO 或建造者模式(Builder)
  • 过深的嵌套 -> 使用早期返回(Early Return)
  • 魔术数字 -> 使用命名常量
  • 静态可变状态 -> 优先使用依赖注入(Dependency Injection)
  • 沉默的 catch 块 -> 记录日志并采取行动,或者重新抛出

日志记录

private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MarketService.class);
log.info("fetch_market slug={}", slug);
log.error("failed_fetch_market slug={}", slug, ex);

Null 处理

  • 仅在万不得已时接受 @Nullable;否则使用 @NonNull
  • 对输入使用 Bean 校验(Bean Validation,如 @NotNull@NotBlank

测试预期

  • JUnit 5 + AssertJ 实现流式断言(Fluent Assertions)
  • 使用 Mockito 进行打桩;尽可能避免使用部分打桩(Partial mocks)
  • 优先选择确定性测试;严禁隐藏的 sleep

记住:保持代码的意图清晰、类型安全且可观测。除非证明确有必要,否则应优先优化可维护性而非微小的性能优化。

Source & license

This open-source skill is cataloged on AgentStack and links to its original source — we do not rehost the code.

Install and usage instructions live in the source repository linked above.

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Versions

  • v0.1.0 Imported from the upstream source.